Interaction of a filled sigma bond with a neighboring empty or partially occupied orbital. Orbital alignment controls its stabilizing influence and secondary isotope effects.
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Hyperconjugation is a conceptual framework in organic chemistry that describes the stabilizing effect that occurs when electron donation by the adjacent sigma bonds (typically C-H or C-C bonds) interacts with an empty or partially filled orbital, such as a p-orbital or a π-orbital of a double bond or a carbocation. This interaction can lead to increased stability in certain molecular structures.