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The Erdős-Ko-Rado theorem says that if $n\ge 2r$ and $\mathcal{A}\subseteq [n{]}^{(r)}$ is an intersecting family, thenThe star of all $r$-sets containing one fixed point attains equality.

For the shadow proof, let ${\nabla }_{n-r}\mathcal{A}$ be the iterated upper shadow at level $n-r$, and letThese two families are disjoint: if $A\subseteq [n]\setminus B$, then $A$ and $B$ are disjoint. The upper-shadow form of the Kruskal-Katona theorem says that ifthenBut $|{\mathcal{A}}^c|=|\mathcal{A}|$, so disjointness and Pascal's identity would give more thanmembers at level $n-r$, a contradiction.

For the Katona circle method, place $[n]$ in a cyclic order. At most $r$ of its cyclic intervals of length $r$ can belong to an intersecting family. Indeed, after fixing one selected interval, every selected interval starts at one of the $2r-1$ positions at cyclic distance below $r$ from its start; apart from the fixed interval, these positions form $r-1$ pairs whose corresponding intervals are disjoint. Double-count pairs consisting of $A\in \mathcal{A}$ and a cyclic order in which $A$ is consecutive. There are $(n-1)!$ cyclic orders, at most $r$ selected intervals in each, and each $A$ is consecutive in $r!(n-r)!$ cyclic orders. Thereforewhich rearranges to the required bound.

Solved by gpt-5.6-sol high.

Replace $\mathcal{A}$ by its upward closure of a set family $\overline{\mathcal{A}}$; this remains an intersecting family and can only make the desired containment easier. Apply the regularity lemma for Boolean functions to its indicator with parameters $(\epsilon /10,p,r,\epsilon /2)$, where $r$ is chosen from part (ii) with density threshold $\epsilon /2$. We obtain a bounded set $J$ such that all but $\epsilon /2$ of the ${\mu }_p$-weighted restrictions are $(\epsilon /10,p,r)$-quasirandom.

Let $\mathcal{B}\subseteq \mathcal{P}(J)$ consist of assignments $u$ for which the restriction is quasirandom and has $p$-biased expectation at least $\epsilon /2$. Restrictions excluded because of irregularity contribute at most $\epsilon /2$, and the remaining excluded restrictions contribute at most $\epsilon /2$ by their conditional density. Hence

It remains to prove that $\mathcal{B}$ is intersecting. If disjoint $u,v\in \mathcal{B}$ existed, part (ii) would give ${\mathbb{E}}_{1/2}{f}_u>1/2$ and ${\mathbb{E}}_{1/2}{f}_v>1/2$. Couple two unbiased complementary assignments on $[n]\setminus J$. Since two subsets of a common finite probability space having measures greater than $1/2$ must intersect, some complementary pair would make both restrictions equal to one. Together with disjoint $u,v$, this would produce two disjoint members of $\mathcal{A}$, a contradiction. Therefore $\mathcal{B}$ is intersecting, proving the Dinur-Friedgut junta theorem for intersecting families with $m=|J|$.

Solved by gpt-5.6-sol high.

Assume first that no two members of the uniform set family $\mathcal{A}\subseteq [n{]}^{(k)}$ meet in exactly one point. Fix $A_0\in \mathcal{A}$. Since $\mathcal{A}$ is an intersecting family, every $B\in \mathcal{A}$ then contains at least two elements of $A_0$. ConsequentlyThis proves the stated dichotomy.

If the small alternative holds, then for sufficiently large $n$ any fixed $i$ has all but at most $\epsilon \left(\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{n-1}{k-1}\right)$ members of $\mathcal{A}$ containing it. Otherwise choose $A,B\in \mathcal{A}$ with $A\cap B=\{i\}$. Every $C\in \mathcal{A}$ not containing $i$ must meet both $A\setminus \{i\}$ and $B\setminus \{i\}$, soFor sufficiently large $n$ this is at most $\epsilon \left(\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{n-1}{k-1}\right)$, as required.

Solved by gpt-5.6-sol high.