Monochromatic set ($c\upharpoonright A\text{ is constant}$)

A subset $A\subseteq X$ is monochromatic for a finite coloring $c:X\to C$ if there is a color $i\in C$ such thatEquivalently, the restriction of a function $c\upharpoonright A$ is a constant function, or $A$ lies in one colour class $c^{-1}(i)$. The word describes agreement of colors; it does not require $A$ to equal an entire colour class.

For example, color the integers by integer parity, using red for even and blue for odd. The set $\{2,4,8\}$ is monochromatic, whereas $\{2,3\}$ is not. If the colored objects are edges, a monochromatic triangle in a graph means that its three edges form a monochromatic set. In a coloring of $r$-element subsets of a set $S$, a homogeneous set for a colouring $H\subseteq S$ means that the collection of all $r$-element subsets of $H$ is monochromatic. For pairs, this is a complete graph on $H$ whose edges all have one color, rather than a coloring of the vertices in $H$.