Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2024 iii Paper 125 3 a Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-25
A one-dimensional commutative formal group law over is a power series satisfyingA morphism is a series satisfyingIf , the invertible morphism criterion for formal group laws says that is an isomorphism whenever . Indeed, recursive coefficient comparison constructs a unique compositional inverse ; applying to the morphism identity shows that is a morphism in the opposite direction.
The multiplication series hasSince , its linear coefficient is a unit, so is an automorphism of the group . Its kernel is therefore zero, and