Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2003 ib Paper 4 7C Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-10-14
For steady inviscid flow at atmospheric pressure, Bernoulli's equation along a freely falling streamline gives . The downward speed is thereforeFor the incompressible jet, mass conservation fixes its volume flux: . ConsequentlyFar from impact, the inviscid falling jet and radial impact film is thin and nearly horizontal. Let be its radial speed and its thickness. The same volume flux now crosses a cylindrical surface of area , giving . At the free surface, atmospheric pressure and Bernoulli's equation give . Eliminate to obtainThis description assumes a steady incompressible jet, negligible surface tension, and negligible dissipation between the tube and the thin far-field film. It is a free-surface relation, not an assertion that pressure is atmospheric throughout the film or that the impact region itself is thin.