Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2009 iii Paper 51 4 a Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
For nonnegative integers , assume the storage channel over successive intervals of length composes as . This is the memoryless interpretation of the specified storage law. In the computational basis, write the density operator asConjugation by the Pauli Z gate reverses the off-diagonal entries and leaves the diagonal entries unchanged, soAfter applications of the phase-flip channel, the multiplier is . Comparing with the multiplier of a single phase-flip channel givesFor this gives the identity channel. Equivalently, composing two consecutive phase errors cancels them because , so their effective probability obeys . The same expression solves this recurrence. The iterated phase-flip channel formula presumes this composition law; specifying a channel at one time alone would not constrain a memory-bearing environment at later times.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2009 iii Paper 51 4 b Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
Since , the off-diagonal multiplier of the iterated phase-flip channel tends to zero. ThusLet and be the computational basis measurement projectors. The nonselective projective measurement channel iswhich is exactly the displayed limit. Its diagonal entries retain the original outcome probabilities; the measurement outcome is ignored and the coherences are erased. The limiting evolution is therefore the completely dephasing channel.