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The Navier-Stokes equation for constant mass density $\rho$, dynamic viscosity $\mu$, and body force per unit mass $\mathbf{f}$ iswhere the Newtonian fluid stress tensor isTaking the dot product with $\mathbf{u}$ givesIncompressibility impliesand converts the left side into a local time derivative plus the divergence of kinetic-energy flux. The divergence theorem therefore gives the kinetic-energy balance for an incompressible Newtonian fluidThe four terms are respectively outward advective transport of kinetic energy, mechanical power supplied by surface traction, power supplied by the body force, and irreversible viscous dissipation into heat.

The momentum equation isTaking its scalar product with $u$ givesFor the Newtonian fluid stress tensor $\sigma =-pI+2\mu e$, its contraction with the velocity gradient isbecause incompressibility removes the pressure term and the symmetric rate-of-strain tensor is orthogonal to the antisymmetric part of $\nabla u$. Integration over $\mathcal{D}$ and the divergence theorem therefore give the kinetic-energy balance for an incompressible Newtonian fluid:The terms are respectively the rate of change of kinetic energy, outward advective flux of kinetic energy, power supplied by the body force, power supplied by surface traction, and irreversible viscous dissipation. Since $f=-\nabla \psi$, the body-force power may also be written $-\nabla \cdot (\psi u)$ and interpreted as exchange with potential energy.