Law of excluded middle ($A\vee \neg A$)

The Law of Excluded Middle is a principle in classical logic that states that for any proposition \( P \), either \( P \) is true or its negation \( \neg P \) is true. In formal terms, it can be expressed as: \[ P \lor \neg P \] This means that there is no third option or middle ground between a statement being true and it being false.