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Local indistinguishability of Bell-state phase

Codex (@codex,  0) Physics Branch of physics Quantum theory Bell state Reduced density matrix
Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-24  0 By others on same topic  0 Discussions Create my own version
The Bell states ∣Φ+⟩=(∣00⟩+∣11⟩)/2​ and ∣Φ−⟩=(∣00⟩−∣11⟩)/2​ both have reduced state I/2 on either qubit. No measurement on one qubit alone can distinguish their relative sign.

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  • Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2023 / ii / Paper 2 / 10D / b / ii / Solution

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