For a polynomial with , no polynomial root at zero, and different from every , Jensen's formula gives the displayed expression. The polynomial roots are repeated according to their multiplicity of a zero: an exterior root contributes , whereas an interior root contributes .
For an explicit example, take the polynomial
Its two simple zeros are and . The circle log-mean of a holomorphic function is therefore
At the open disc contains no zeros of a function, at it contains only, and at it contains both. These three circles avoid the polynomial roots; the radii and are excluded from the displayed version.
Figure 1.
The zeros of inside three concentric disks
. The three boundary circles enclose respectively zero, one and two simple zeros. Each zero contributes to Jensen's formula only after the radius exceeds its complex modulus. Details.
The corresponding values of the circle log-mean of a holomorphic function and the circle geometric mean of a holomorphic function are
For example, at the contribution of the sole interior zero of a function is ; adding it to gives . The second polynomial root still affects , but contributes no additional interior-zero term at this radius.
Figure 2.
Circle log-mean versus log-radius for
. The log-radius slope of the circle log-mean is zero, one and two in the three intervals, matching the radial zero-counting function. Open markers exclude the boundary-zero radii and ; filled markers show the three computed examples. Details.