Orthogonal continuous local martingales Created 2026-10-05 Updated 2026-10-14
Two continuous local martingales are orthogonal when their quadratic covariation is zero. With zero initial values, the martingale product identity says that their product is a local martingale. For two Brownian motions in a common filtration, orthogonality and the Lévy characterization of multidimensional Brownian motion make the pair a two-dimensional Brownian motion and imply independence. Merely having the two marginal Brownian motion laws on the same space does not imply orthogonality.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2022 iii Paper 202 3 b Solution Created 2026-09-28 Updated 2026-10-03
The martingale product identity and the Itô isometry for cross terms giveSince , its moment-generating function gives . Therefore the answer is
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2024 iii Paper 202 2 c i Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-10-03
The martingale product identity says that is a martingale. Passing to the terminal values of the square-integrable martingales and using givesThe quadratic covariation identity for a stochastic integral isApplying the same product identity to and therefore gives