Massless two-body scattering flux normalization ($d\sigma /d\Omega =\overline{|\mathcal{M}{|}^2}/(64{\pi }^{2}s)$)

For two distinct massless final particles, $d{\Phi }_2/d\Omega =1/(32{\pi }^2)$ in the centre-of-mass frame. The invariant initial flux is $4p_1\cdot p_2=2s$. Their ratio gives the displayed differential cross-section. Equivalently the denominator is $128{\pi }^2{p}_1\cdot p_2$. Initial spins are averaged and final spins and colors summed when defining an inclusive unpolarized cross-section; averaging final colors would change the observable.