Past exam of the quantum condensed matter course of the University of Cambridge 2009 Section A A1 a Solution Created 2026-10-18 Updated 2026-10-20
The Stokes–Einstein relation gives the translational diffusion coefficientat . For isotropic three-dimensional Brownian motion, the mean squared displacement is . Thus after one hour the root mean square displacement isThe phrase “on average” needs a convention: the mean displacement vector is zero; the mean displacement magnitude of three-dimensional Brownian motion is , obtained by integrating the three-dimensional Gaussian distribution. These are displacements, not the total microscopic path length. The estimate assumes dilute unconfined water, a spherical hydrodynamic radius and constant temperature.