In a right Artinian ring, the powers of its Jacobson radical stabilize at an ideal satisfying . If , choose a minimal right ideal with . Since , minimality gives . Choosing with gives by the same minimality. Consequently for some . The unit criterion for the Jacobson radical makes invertible, forcing , a contradiction. This proof avoids incorrectly applying the finitely generated form of Nakayama lemma to an arbitrary Artinian module.
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