Processes governing the initiation, direction and persistence of behaviour. Reward expectation, effort, bodily state and action opportunity can influence motivation; a performance change need not reflect a change in learning or experienced pleasure.
Processes through which anticipated outcomes influence the initiation, direction or vigor of behavior. Reward-driven effort can be impaired despite preserved ability to produce a movement on instruction.
The motivational attractiveness assigned to a represented outcome or its cue, often described as cue-triggered wanting. It can vary without a corresponding change in experienced pleasure or explicit belief about value.[ref]
Intra-accumbens amphetamine increases the conditioned incentive salience of sucrose reward by Cindy L. Wyvell and others. Journal of Neuroscience 20, 8122–8130; separate instrumental and cue training, extinction test and taste reactivity
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