Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2005 ii Paper 1 31D b Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-10-14
The jump coefficient has one enclosed pole at zero and no enclosed zeros, because are outside. Its winding index is therefore . A homogeneous canonical pair isEach is analytic and nonvanishing in its required finite domain; the exterior growth encodes the negative index. Dividing the unknown by these factors gives an additive jumpThe Cauchy-integral solution for normally has an exterior coefficient . Since must decay, this coefficient must vanish. Thus the solvability condition is . Its only enclosed pole is zero, with residue , soThese are the negative-index scalar Riemann-Hilbert moment conditions for index minus one. There is no arbitrary polynomial addition: an entire addition respecting is zero by Liouville's theorem.