A three-dimensional point defect characterized by how the surrounding nematic director covers orientation space. Its hedgehog charge is not the same quantity as a planar disclination winding strength.
A point-defect texture that can compensate the radial boundary condition of a sphere with homeotropic anchoring, giving a dipolar particle–defect configuration in a uniform far field. It carries the opposite hedgehog charge to the radial particle boundary under a consistent convention.
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