Changes in the functional organization, connectivity or physiological operation of neural systems with experience, altered input or development. Rapid unmasking and slower structural reorganization are different candidate mechanisms; an imaging activation change alone does not distinguish them.
A change in neural organisation that worsens or constrains function under specified conditions. Increased activation alone does not establish maladaptation; a controlled intervention must test the proposed harmful contribution.
A contribution from an altered or additionally recruited system that supports performance after disruption. Compensation can be necessary yet incomplete, and can differ across regions, tasks and recovery stages.
Changes in the contribution of one sensory system to processing information from another modality, often investigated after altered sensory input. Imaging can identify recruitment; causal perturbation can test whether the recruited network contributes to a task.
Adaptation supporting task performance when sensory input is reduced. Practice, altered attention, use of alternative cues and changes in neural recruitment can interact. Improvement in one task can coexist with limitations in another.
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