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Fram Strait is the deep ocean passage between Greenland and Svalbard connecting the Arctic with the northern Atlantic. Its opposing flows transport heat, freshwater and sea ice, so it is an important location for measuring exchanges that influence ocean circulation and sea ice thermodynamics.

A heat-transport estimate needs both flow and temperature: warmer water does not imply a larger heat transport if its volume flux decreases. Likewise, estimating freshwater transport requires salinity and a stated reference composition. Long-term observing systems combine fixed instruments with mobile platforms to resolve these transports rather than treating one cruise as a complete mean state.^[ref]