For a one-bit-input Boolean oracle, decompose a query input into target eigenstates. The unchanged target- sector has weight , while the target- sectors at inputs have weights . Distinguishing functions differing only at one entry requires , leaving . Then functions differing at both entries have output overlap , so are the same physical ray. Thus one quantum query cannot identify all four truth tables with certainty, although the Deutsch algorithm finds their constant/balanced classification in one query.

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