Open local operator ($o(U)(p)=u\Rightarrow p$)

For a subterminal object classified by $u$, the open local operator is $p\mapsto (u\Rightarrow p)$. Its dense monos are exactly those whose image contains the pullback of that subterminal. It is complementary to the corresponding closed local operator.

For $j=o(U)$, the dense monomorphism classifier consists of the truth values above $u$, so has least element $u$. Conversely, if it has least element $u$, density of a monomorphism is exactly containment of the pulled-back subterminal $U$. For a subobject $S\subseteq X$, the mono $S\to \overline{S}$ is dense, so $U\cap \overline{S}\subseteq S$ and $j(p)\le u\Rightarrow p$. Since $j(u)=\top$, applying $j$ to $u\wedge (u\Rightarrow p)\le p$ gives $u\Rightarrow p\le j(p)$. Hence equality holds.

The open local operator and closed local operator associated with $U$ have meet the identity and join the largest local operator. The meet identity is $(u\Rightarrow p)\wedge (u\vee p)=p$. Every mono factors through its union with $U$ as a closed-operator-dense mono followed by an open-operator-dense mono, proving that their join makes every mono dense.