Changing the current value of an outcome after instrumental training, then testing the associated action. Testing without delivering that outcome helps distinguish immediate use of changed outcome value from new direct action reinforcement. Sensitivity and insensitivity provide operational tests for goal-directed and habitual control under stated conditions.[ref]
A speeded test requiring responses associated with still-valued outcomes and withholding responses associated with devalued outcomes. Response errors can reveal deficient use of outcome knowledge, but also require controls for memory retention, comprehension and inhibitory control.[ref]

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