Initial-velocity memory in the overdamped slow mode Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
For , let and be the slow and fast negative roots. The coefficient of the slow normal mode is exactlyWith and , expansion gives . Thus the initial velocity can leave a finite displacement after its own fast decay. In particular, and produce a nonzero slow tail. A first-order overdamped approximation needs an adjusted initial position after the boundary layer; setting it to requires the additional smallness of .