Pafnuty Chebyshev's 1867 paper “Des valeurs moyennes” develops bounds for deviations of sums in terms of their expected values and second moments. This connects his historical work with the modern Chebyshev's inequality and its use in the weak law of large numbers. [ref]
https://www.numdam.org/item/JMPA_1867_2_12__177_0.pdf. Chebyshev's original paper in French translation
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Historical portrait of Pafnuty Chebyshev
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Pafnuty Chebyshev (also spelled as Pafnuty Lvovich Chebyshev) was a prominent Russian mathematician, born on May 16, 1821, and passed away on December 8, 1894. He is best known for his contributions to various areas of mathematics, including number theory, probability, and approximation theory.