Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2013 / ib / Paper 4 / 17C (Methods)

Use the Fourier transform convention $\hat{F}(k)={\int }_{\mathbb{R}}F(x)e^{-ikx}dx$, with inverse factor $1/(2\pi )$. Splitting the inverse integral at zero givesThis is the Poisson kernel for the upper half-plane at height $a$.

Take the Fourier transform in $x$ of the Laplace equation. The transformed boundary-value problem isFor $k\ne 0$ the general solution is a linear combination of $e^{|k|y}$ and $e^{-|k|y}$; the two conditions set their coefficients to zero and one respectively. At $k=0$, the solution is the constant one. Inverting therefore givesThe upper boundary holds pointwise. At the lower boundary the Dirac delta function must be interpreted distributionally: the kernel has integral one and concentrates at zero, so for every continuous compactly supported test function $h$, $\int \psi (x,y)h(x)dx\to h(0)$. This also specifies the solution in the assumed class admitting the stated Fourier transforms.