Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2014 / ia / Paper 1 / 4F (Analysis I)

Let $a_n=n!/n^n$. Its consecutive coefficient ratio isThe ratio test for the full terms therefore has limit $|z|/e$: the series has absolute convergence when $|z|<e$ and its terms eventually grow in magnitude when $|z|>e$. Thus the radius of convergence is $\boxed{R=e}$. No boundary decision is needed to determine the radius of convergence.

This is a lacunary power series: the coefficient of $z^{n!}$ is $n^n$, while the other coefficients are zero. Along its nonzero coefficients,The factorial dominates $n\log n$; for example $n!\ge n(n-1)(n-2)(n-3)$ for large $n$ already suffices for this limit. Hence the coefficient limsup in the Cauchy-Hadamard theorem is one. The radius of convergence is $\boxed{R=1}$.

Directly, for $|z|<1$ the consecutive term ratio is $(n+1{)}^{n+1}{n}^{-n}|z{|}^{nn!}$, which tends to zero; for $|z|\ge 1$ the term magnitudes are at least $n^n$ and fail to tend to zero. The factorial is the exponent of $z$, not part of its coefficient.