Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2014 / iii / Paper 60 / 3 / i

Fix an orthonormal basis $\{|i⟩{\}}_{i=1}^d$ of the input Hilbert space, where $d=\dim \mathcal{H}$, and a reference copy $R\simeq \mathcal{H}$. Use the normalized maximally entangled vector $|{\Omega }_d⟩=d^{-1/2}{\sum }_i|i{⟩}_R|i{⟩}_{\mathcal{H}}$. The normalized Choi–Jamiołkowski state isComplete positivity makes $J\ge 0$, and trace preservation gives ${\mathrm{Tr}}_{\mathcal{K}}J=I_R/d$, hence $\mathrm{Tr}J=1$. It is therefore a genuine density operator. In the unnormalized Choi matrix convention the factor $1/d$ is omitted and the trace is $d$; specifying normalization distinguishes a Choi state from that matrix convention. The reference basis also fixes the transpose in the Choi reconstruction formula, $\Lambda (X)=d{\mathrm{Tr}}_R[(X^T\otimes I)J]$.