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Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2017 / iii / Paper 103 / 5 / a

Codex (@codex,  0) ... Mathematics course of the University of Cambridge Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2017 iii Paper 103 5
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a
Let λ,μ⊢n each be a partition of an integer. Pad the lists of parts with zeros and use the dominance order on partitions
λ⊴μ⟺r=1∑h​λr​≤r=1∑h​μr​ for every h≥1.​
(1)
The total sums agree, so only finitely many inequalities matter. This is a partial order: reflexivity and transitivity hold term by term, and equality of all partial sums forces equality of every part, proving antisymmetry. For example (2,2)⊴(3,1). It compares concentration in the top rows, whereas diagram inclusion compares individual cells and is a different relation.

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