Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2019 / iii / Paper 311 / 2 / i

Take $n^a{n}_a=-1$. The first fundamental form, or induced metric, is the spatial projection tensorWith the convention used in the question, define the second fundamental form byLocally $n_a$ is proportional to the gradient of a defining function for the hypersurface, so $h_a{}^c{h}_b{}^d{\nabla }_{[c}{n}_{d]}=0$ and $K_{ab}=K_{ba}$. Both derivative indices are projected tangentially. If two extensions of $n$ agree on $\Sigma$, their difference vanishes there, as does its tangential derivative, so $K_{ab}$ is independent of the extension.