Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2019 / iii / Paper 323 / 5 / iv

By Donald's identity, the objective equalsThe nonnegativity of quantum relative entropy makes the last term at least zero, with equality exactly when $\rho =\overline{\omega }$. Hence the unique minimizing density operator is the ensemble average andFor the classical-quantum state ${\sigma }_{XB}$, its marginal on $X$ has entropy $H(p)$, its marginal on $B$ is $\overline{\omega }$, and its joint entropy is $H(p)+{\sum }_j{p}_{j}S({\omega }_j)$. Substituting in the definition of quantum mutual information givesThis is the relative-entropy barycenter of a quantum ensemble: the average state minimizes mean distinguishability from the ensemble. Its minimal value is exactly the Holevo quantity.