Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2021 / ib / Paper 1 / 10F / d / Solution

This is always true for metric spaces. Let $x_n\to x$. If $f(x_n)$ did not converge to $f(x)$, some subsequence would remain at least $\epsilon >0$ from $f(x)$. Compactness of $Y$ gives a further subsequenceThen $(x_{n_k},f(x_{n_k}))\to (x,y)$. The graph is closed, so $(x,y)$ belongs to it and $y=f(x)$, contradicting the $\epsilon$ separation. Thus $f(x_n)\to f(x)$ for every convergent sequence, and the equivalence proved above makes $f$ continuous. This is the closed-graph criterion with compact codomain.