Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2024 / iii / Paper 327 / 3 / b

For a test function $f\in \mathcal{D}(\mathbb{R})$, define the proposed integral by reversing the order of integration:The Fourier transform of a test function is a Schwartz function, while $\sqrt{{\theta }^2+1}\asymp 1+|\theta |$. The final integral is consequently absolutely convergent. Repeated integration by parts in $x$ bounds it by finitely many seminorms of the test function, so it defines a continuous linear functional on $\mathcal{D}(\mathbb{R})$.

Equivalently, put $\lambda =\sqrt{{\theta }^2+1}$ on the two half-lines. ThenThe density has only an integrable inverse-square-root singularity at one and is bounded at infinity, so it is a regular tempered distribution. Its inverse Fourier transform is exactly the proposed oscillatory integral. Thus