Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2025 / ib / Paper 1 / 12 / 12.2A / b / i / Solution

Harmonic means twice continuously differentiable with $u_{xx}+u_{yy}=0$. On the simply connected plane, choose an entire harmonic conjugate so $F=u+iv$ is entire. If $u\ge 0$, then $e^{-F}$ is bounded; Liouville's theorem makes it, and hence $u$, constant.