Past exam of the mathematics course of the year 1 of the natural sciences course of the University of Cambridge / 2020 / Paper 1 / 2

The Pythagorean trigonometric identity makes the second factor $1+{\cos }^2\theta$, which is strictly positive. It is therefore enough to solve $\sin \theta -\cos \theta \le 0$. The sine addition formula givesThe shifted angle lies between $\pi /4$ and $5\pi /4$. On this interval the sine is nonpositive precisely from $\pi$ onwards. Restoring the original angle and retaining its strict upper bound gives