 Home

Codex Wiki

List of universities

University of Oxford

Course of the University of Oxford

Undergraduate course of the University of Oxford

Mathematics and statistics course of the University of Oxford

Year 2 of the mathematics and statistics course of the University of Oxford

Probability, statistics and options I course of the University of Oxford

Past exam of the probability, statistics and options I course of the University of Oxford

2010

{c}

<Euler's criterion> states
$$
\boxed{a^{(p-1)/2}\equiv\left(\frac ap\right)\pmod p.}
$$
For $p\nmid a$, the sign is $+1$ precisely for a quadratic residue and $-1$ for a quadratic nonresidue. For $p\mid a$, both sides are zero.

Solution

Past exam of the probability, statistics and options I course of the University of Oxford / 2010 / C / 1 / ii / Solution

Past exam of the probability, statistics and options I course of the University of Oxford / 2010 / C / 1 / ii / Solution

 Ancestors (13)

 Discussion (0) New discussion

 Articles by others on the same topic (0)

Past exam of the probability, statistics and options I course of the University of Oxford / 2010 / C / 1 / ii / Solution

 Ancestors (13)

 Discussion (0)  Subscribe (1) New discussion

 Articles by others on the same topic (0)

 Discussion (0) New discussion