A personality psychologist studies relatively persistent patterns of behavior, emotion and cognition, together with differences between people and variation across situations. Repeated observations help distinguish a stable tendency from a response to one unusual setting. Comparing self-report with observed behavior can test whether a trait measure predicts more than another report using the same method. Stability does not imply that behavior is identical in every context. [ref]
A personality psychologist who experimentally studied delay of gratification. Manipulations of what children attended to while waiting tested how representations of an immediate reward affected waiting time. This makes self-regulation a process sensitive to cognitive strategies and task conditions, rather than treating a single waiting score as an immutable personal trait.[ref]
Cognitive and attentional mechanisms in delay of gratification by Walter Mischel and others. 1972, experimental attention manipulations, pp. 204–218
Portrait of Walter Mischel
. Image credited to RishitaSharma2106 on Wikimedia Commons, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Source.
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