Treatment using proton beams with controllable finite range and a Bragg peak. Potential normal-tissue sparing must be assessed against range uncertainty, motion and biological-effect uncertainties.
Uncertainty in where a charged-particle beam stops because of material conversion, anatomy, motion or delivery errors. A steep distal dose gradient makes it particularly consequential for target coverage and nearby tissue.
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Proton therapy is a type of radiation therapy used primarily to treat cancer. Unlike conventional X-ray radiation therapy, which uses high-energy X-rays to kill cancer cells, proton therapy uses protons—positively charged particles that are part of the atomic nucleus. ### Key Features of Proton Therapy: 1. **Precision Targeting**: Protons have unique physical properties that allow them to deliver high doses of radiation directly to the tumor while sparing surrounding healthy tissues.