For constant , this quadratic combination of two-by-two gradient minors is a divergence. Indeed,because the term containing vanishes by antisymmetry of the Levi-Civita symbol. Its volume integral vanishes for homogeneous displacement boundary data. It also vanishes pointwise on rank-one matrices, since is symmetric. Consequently one can strengthen an elastic energy density by such a term without changing fixed-boundary incremental energies or acoustic tensors.
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