The two-torsion square-class homomorphism image on is all of , realized by the identity, , and multiplication of classes. Its two-isogeny formula companion is . Positivity and prime support allow only . Class five is realized by , whereas class three would require . Reduction modulo three forces one of coprime to be divisible by three; either choice gives odd valuation one on the right, contradicting a square. Multiplication by class five also excludes fifteen. The two-isogeny rank formula gives .
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