Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2016 iii Paper 121 4 c ii Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-06
Let be the bounded graph predicate for a function . For an infinite cardinal number, regularity is expressed byThe predicate is the cardinal predicate in (i), conjoined with the bounded condition that is a nonzero limit ordinal. For an infinite cardinal number, this latter condition holds automatically; it excludes the finite cardinals. The expression abbreviates bounded graph membership with the output lying in .
Every quantifier after is bounded, and the cardinal predicate is already . Their conjunction can be placed in universal form, so this is a Pi-one formula modulo ZF. Its mathematical content is that no function from a smaller ordinal is cofinal in . By the definition of cofinality, that is equivalent to . Hence regular cardinalhood is Pi-one definable. This uses the standard convention that a regular cardinal is infinite.