Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2017 ib Paper 1 3G Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-10-05
In the curvature normalization, the hyperbolic triangle area is its angle defect:Join one vertex of a convex geodesic polygon to its nonadjacent vertices. This gives hyperbolic triangles with disjoint interiors. Their angles at every polygon vertex sum to that vertex's interior angle. Adding the hyperbolic triangle areas therefore gives the hyperbolic polygon areaFor a regular hyperbolic polygon with prescribed area, place equally spaced vertices on a hyperbolic circle of radius and join consecutive vertices by geodesics. Rotations through and reflections in radial lines show that this is a convex regular polygon. The triangle from its centre to a vertex and the midpoint of an adjacent side is right angled, with angles , , and , and hypotenuse . The angle form of the hyperbolic law of cosines givesConsequently is continuous and strictly increasing. As , , so ; as , , so . The intermediate value theorem proves existence for every permitted . Indeed the required radius isThe argument also proves uniqueness of the radius in this construction; neither endpoint area is attained by a nondegenerate finite-radius polygon.