Section 7.3: avoid digital vaginal examination when placenta praevia remains possible until ultrasound excludes it. This is a professional source for the specific examination precaution.
April 1864, pp. 549–556. Period discussion of uterine disease and obstetric complications; used as contemporary evidence, not current treatment guidance.
Contemporary clinical text discussing retention, opium and the warm bath. Historical recommendations are distinguished from current catheter care.
Especially §§4.3–4.6: urethral catheter contraindications and indications and contraindications for suprapubic catheterisation.
CG97, §1.7: immediate catheterisation for acute urinary retention.
NG133, especially §§1.8.1–1.8.6 and 1.8.13: magnesium sulfate, severe hypertension and mode of birth.
June 1864, pp. 411–413. A historical case report illustrating bloodletting, chloroform and the failure of delivery alone to guarantee cessation of convulsions. Its causal theory and remedies are not current guidance.
Arthur Hill Hassall's contemporary review of the fourth edition of Urinary Deposits. Bibliographic identity: British and Foreign Medico-Chirurgical Review 12(23), July 1853, pp. 123–149. Printed pp. 128–129 discuss the value of microscopy even when no visible deposit is present. The recommendation elsewhere in the review to retain urine for days is not adopted as current sample-handling practice.
Chapter 191 of Clinical Methods, third edition. Definition, Technique, Basic Science and Clinical Significance. The physical, chemical and microscopic framework is used with modern reagent-strip methods explicitly distinguished from the 1864 examination.
Institutional laboratory-test explanation: urinary bilirubin, liver disease, bile duct obstruction and associated urine/stool appearances.
Anatomical sites, intracavitary extension, prolapse, broad-ligament/cervical and parasitic locations.
Medical student curriculum, Table 1 and differential diagnosis: torsion, trauma, infection and acute changes in other masses.
Section 5.13, Pyuria. Used for the diagnostic differential only, not historical transplantation practice or patient-specific advice.
Current guideline chapter: underlying causes, interventions, access considerations and recommendations.
8 January 1859, p. 23, lecture describing the change from drilling apparatus to a curved crushing instrument. No unverified lecturer attribution is supplied.
Professional edition: diagnosis and confirmation of pregnancy.
NG126, updated 17 June 2026: diagnosis §§1.5–1.8 and management of tubal ectopic pregnancy. Diagnostic recommendations. Management recommendations.
2026 guideline, chapter 4. General metabolic assessment and stone-specific prevention, including calcium oxalate, uric acid, cystine and infection stones.
Professional reference table, hyaline, cellular, granular, fatty casts and pseudocasts.
Professional reference, urine testing. Microscopic findings support but do not alone establish urinary infection; white-cell casts are not specific to pyelonephritis.
2020 guideline amended 2025; initial evaluation, suspected renal disease and risk-based evaluation. The indexed official PDF excerpt was available; direct full retrieval returned an access restriction.
Guideline designated 2023, published 2024; DOI 10.1515/cclm-2024-0070. Specimen collection, urine particle analysis, diagnostic microscopy and bacteriology.
Neonatal examination, maternal and infant testing, passive antibody interpretation, treatment scenarios and follow-up.
Clinical criteria for early and late manifestations. Surveillance case definitions corroborate the list of signs; they do not replace clinical assessment.
European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology: X 19:100227. Presentation, imaging and management; evidence primarily case reports and series.
17 November 1860, p. 889, diagnostic signs and retention of urine. Historical clinical discussion, not present-day instructions for reduction.
Medically reviewed 10 February 2026: anatomy, associated causes, symptoms, conservative management and rare incarceration.
Green-top 62, reviewed in 2025 with an update in development. Evaluation, benign management, oncology referral and surgical considerations. It does not comprehensively cover pregnancy, acute presentations or known malignancy.
Thomas Spencer Wells, British Medical Journal, 6 October 1866, pp. 377–379. Contemporary discussion of haemostasis and the pedicle; not a modern operative protocol.
Thomas Spencer Wells, volume 1. Operative case records, especially p. 116: adhesions, tumour delivery, pedicle control and inspection of the other ovary. Google bibliographic display conflates pagination with later editions; the cited volume is the 1865 first volume, independently identified in contemporary reviews.
Recommendations 3.2–3.6: energy imbalance, spontaneous recovery and limits of oral contraceptives as treatment of the underlying problem.
Committee opinion, Fertility and Sterility 122, pp. 52–61. Definitions, pregnancy exclusion, endocrine and anatomical evaluation.
Definition and mechanism, isolated transport defects and generalized proximal tubular dysfunction. Review March 2026.
Chapter 139 in Clinical Methods, third edition (1990). Technique; Basic Science; Renal Threshold for Glucose. Used for laboratory and physiological principles, not as current treatment guidance.
Committee Opinion No.700, May 2017. “Background” and “Clinical Considerations in the First Trimester” explain menstrual dating and early ultrasonography.
Geneva, 2025; recommendations 30–31 address retained placenta, uterotonics and antibiotic prophylaxis. Recommendation 30 is also available at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK619233/table/ch3.tab34/ .
British Medical Journal 2 (349), 7 September 1867, p. 206. DOI 10.1136/bmj.2.349.206-a; bibliographic record: pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20744868/ .
Public explanation of the fetal origin of bleeding in vasa praevia and the need for urgent birth if rupture is suspected. Older timing advice on this page should be distinguished from later guideline revisions.
Green-top Guideline 27a, fifth edition, published 29 June 2026; BJOG 133, e93–e128; DOI 10.1111/1471-0528.70239. This supersedes the 2018 edition. Official catalogue: www.rcog.org.uk/guidance/browse-all-guidance/green-top-guidelines/placenta-praevia-and-placenta-accreta-diagnosis-and-management-green-top-guideline-no-27a/ .
“On placenta praevia”, pp. 262–268; a contemporary report of discussion, illustrating disagreement about delivery, plugging, version and cervical dilation.
Green-top Guideline 63. PDF cover: November 2011; the current catalogue page lists a later date. Use the explicit PDF version when citing numbered sections. An update is in development.
Green-top Guideline 37b, 2015, particularly sections 4–8 and 10. The society still lists this edition while an update is in development.
Medical encyclopedia entry; examination, transillumination and imaging.
Kidney International 8 (1975), pp. 21–26. DOI: 10.1038/ki.1975.72. Abstract: comparison of neonatal, weanling and young adult rats.
BMC Urology 18 (2018), article 15. DOI: 10.1186/s12894-018-0329-4. Results and Discussion; proposed stages of hypertrophy, compensation and decompensation in humans.
Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 18 (2007), pp. 2281–2284; abstract. DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2007020255.
What is albuminuria?; How is albuminuria detected?
Clinical Significance: modest protein positivity can come from serum proteins accompanying haematuria.
Chapter 192 in Clinical Methods, third edition (1990). Definition; Technique; Basic Science; Clinical Significance. Used for laboratory principles and historical interpretation, not contemporary treatment.
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