Sachs optical equations

For a parallel-transported screen and affine null geodesic tangent $U$, the optical matrix satisfiesIts trace gives the null Raychaudhuri equation. In a two-dimensional screen, symmetric trace-free matrices have scalar squares and anticommute with antisymmetric matrices. The trace-free symmetric and antisymmetric parts consequently yield the null shear and twist transport equations without additional quadratic trace-free terms.