Hippocampus 2026-10-24
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A brain structure involved in episodic memory and spatial processing. In computational accounts, dentate gyrus input transformation, recurrent hippocampal CA3 processing and hippocampal CA1 output processing supply complementary operations; these assignments are hypotheses constrained by recordings and interventions.
Figure 1.
Hippocampus circuitry drawn by Santiago Ramón y Cajal, 1911
. Historical drawing of the rodent hippocampus by Santiago Ramón y Cajal, attributed on Commons to his Histologie du Système nerveux de l'Homme et des Vertébrés, Paris: A. Maloine, 1911. Public domain under the life-plus-70-year term recorded on Commons. This is an anatomical illustration, rather than a recording of episodic memory. Source usage terms. Source.
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Purkinje cell 2026-10-24
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Named for Jan Evangelista Purkyně, a cerebellar neuron receiving many parallel fiber inputs and a powerful climbing fiber input. Simple-spike and complex-spike responses provide distinct physiological readouts in studies of motor learning.
Figure 1.
Purkinje cells and granule cells in a pigeon cerebellum, drawn by Santiago Ramón y Cajal in 1899
. The large, branching cells labelled A are Purkinje cells; the smaller cells labelled B are granule cells. Historical drawing held by Instituto Cajal, Madrid. Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons. Source.
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Santiago Ramón y Cajal 2026-10-25
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His drawings of neurons made their branching structure visible with extraordinary clarity. The historical illustration under Purkinje cell shows how different neurons can occupy the same part of the cerebellum while having strikingly different shapes.
Figure 1.
Portrait of Santiago Ramón y Cajal, 1899
. Anonymous photograph published by Clark University in 1899; cropped and digitally restored by Garrondo. Public-domain source, via Wikimedia Commons. Source.
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