A brain structure with highly organized circuitry involved in motor control and learning, among other functions. Cerebellar error-driven learning models relate input expansion, Purkinje cells and instructive climbing fibers to adaptive control.
The nodule of the cerebellum is a midline cerebellar lobule associated with the flocculus in the flocculonodular organization. Its vestibular connections contribute to regulation of balance and eye movements. A lobule is an anatomical subdivision rather than a single uniform computation.
The lingula of the cerebellum is a small anterior midline cerebellar lobule associated with the superior medullary velum. Its position supplies an orienting landmark near the upper roof of the fourth ventricle.
The flocculus is a small lateral cerebellar lobule with prominent vestibular and eye-movement connections. Its circuits help adapt the relation between sensed head motion and compensatory eye movements. Anatomical membership in the cerebellum does not imply identical roles for every lobule.
A cerebellar peduncle is a major fiber bundle connecting the cerebellum with the brainstem. The superior, middle and inferior bundles carry different combinations of input and output. Bundle location and signaling direction are therefore separate descriptions.
The inferior cerebellar peduncle connects the cerebellum with medullary and spinal-associated pathways. It carries several sensory and olivary inputs together with some outputs. Its mixed composition differs from a single dedicated sensory nerve.
The superior cerebellar peduncle is a major cerebellar connection carrying much output from deep cerebellar nuclei toward more rostral targets, along with selected input pathways. Its relation to the superior medullary velum helps orient the roof of the fourth ventricle.
A family of models in which an instructive signal changes the influence of recently active inputs on cerebellar output. In a smooth-pursuit experiment, complex-spike duration predicted subsequent simple-spike depression and eye-movement learning; matching preceding simple-spike activity provided a control. This supports graded instruction during behaviour without proving an exact delta rule at every synapse.[ref]
Purkinje-cell plasticity and cerebellar motor learning are graded by complex-spike duration by Yan Yang and others. Figures 1–4 and Methods; author manuscript at PMC4132823: smooth pursuit, trial-over-trial plasticity and controls for prior simple-spike activity
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