Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2012 iii Paper 31 2 v Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-07
Use the fixed common entry law from the printed setup: has mean zero and second moment for each upper-triangular entry, including the diagonal. LetSince , the removed part after centered truncation of a Wigner matrix isConsequently . Symmetry gives . There are diagonal terms and off-diagonal terms in this sum, soMirrored entries are counted twice, as they must be; independence of those mirrored entries is neither true nor needed for this expectation calculation.
By the preceding bound and the Markov inequality,The dominated convergence theorem applies to , so . Choose with . ThenThis second moment bound for spectral truncation depends only on and the common law of , and is uniform over functions with Lipschitz bound . No fourth-moment hypothesis is required. If the scaled entry law were allowed to vary arbitrarily with , a uniform choice would instead require uniform decay of its second-moment tails; the intended fixed-law setting supplies exactly that condition.