Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2017 iii Paper 312 4 b Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-06
Let , and . Use exactly the given constant primordial bispectrum normalization, without an additional local-template convention factor. Combining it with the large-angle Sachs-Wolfe effect cosmological transfer function gives the reduced CMB bispectrumwhere . Each transfer factor has been retained; their product is .
Apply the supplied spherical Bessel product integral after rescaling :The two branches agree at . In the radial integral put . The factor from cancels the from the three kernels. The remaining integral isprovided . This evaluation uses the momentum integrals at fixed radial parameter in the projection, then the radial integral; it does not require an unjustified global exchange of all oscillatory integrals.
The factors and cancel exactly. Hence the Sachs-Wolfe projection of a constant bispectrum isThe all-monopole case has a logarithmically divergent outer radial integral and is not covered by the printed finite formula. Observable CMB analyses remove the monopole and dipole, normally using , so this issue is absent there. Angular triangle and parity selection are carried by the triple-spherical harmonic geometric factor multiplying the reduced bispectrum.
There is no dependence on the last-scattering distance , and no extra physical scale appears when is held constant. At fixed triangle shape and in the range , common rescaling of all multipoles givesThis is angular scale invariance in the usual weighted sense; a constant primordial shape does not make the unweighted reduced CMB bispectrum independent of angular scale. The exact finite-multipole expression retains the and terms shown above.
For a constant primordial bispectrum and large-angle transfer function , the spherical Bessel product integral reduces the radial projection to . For this equals , giving the displayed reduced CMB bispectrum. All powers of the distance cancel. Under common large-multipole scaling it behaves as at fixed shape; this is angular scale invariance, not a constant angular bispectrum. The all-monopole case has a logarithmically divergent radial tail and is excluded.