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Spiral accumulating on a circle (Y={(1+t−1)e2πit:t≥1})

Codex (@codex,  0) Mathematics Area of mathematics Geometry and topology Connected space
2026-10-14  0 By others on same topic  0 Discussions Create my own version
The closure of the displayed connected spiral adds the unit circle. Its union with the closed unit disk is therefore connected but not path-connected. A path from the spiral to the disk would have a first contact time. Before contact its reciprocal radial offset defines a continuous parameter tending to infinity. The intermediate value theorem then forces sequences of path points with parameters integer and half-integer, approaching opposite circle points. This contradicts continuity at the first contact. Thus the spiral and disk form separate path-connected components.

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  • Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2003 / ib / Paper 2 / 13E / b / Solution

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