Stress-buffering interaction ($\partial \mathbb{E}[D\mid S,P]/\partial S={\beta }_1+{\beta }_{3}P$)

A pattern in which a resource modifies the relationship between adversity and an adverse outcome. In the model $\mathbb{E}[D\mid S,P]={\beta }_0+{\beta }_{1}S+{\beta }_{2}P+{\beta }_{3}SP$, a negative ${\beta }_3$ attenuates the adversity slope as the resource increases. Its interpretation is scale dependent, and an observational interaction is not automatically a causal buffering effect.