Strong resonance of a planar map 2026-10-14
At a strong resonance of a planar map the Floquet multiplier of a fixed point is a root of unity of low order. The usual nonresonant Neimark–Sacker bifurcation requires for . At a 1:3 resonance a quadratic term cannot be removed from the normal form; at a 1:4 resonance a cubic term remains. Consequently one cannot infer a quasiperiodic invariant curve from the unit-modulus crossing alone.